Inguinal Hernia Surgery

Men are more affected by Inguinal Hernia than women. The data on Inguinal Hernia skews absolutely towards men. One estimate says that over 90% of Inguinal Hernia cases reported are on men. So it is imperative that we are aware of the signs and symptoms of Hernia in males with particular reference to Inguinal Hernia here. Here is a complete guide on Inguinal Hernia and how to treat the medical condition. 

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Does Inguinal Hernia occur in women?

Often Inguinal Hernia is perceived as a disease that is reserved only for the male population. Inguinal Hernia occurs also in women. However, the majority of the population that is affected by inguinal hernia are males. Inguinal Hernia occurs when abdominal tissue or a part of an intestine bulges and protrudes through the lower abdominal wall and into the inguinal canal. This occurs predominantly in males due to the fact that males by birth have a small hole in the groin muscles through which the blood vessels and spermatic cord passes to the testicles. This is why Inguinal Hernia occurs more in male than female. In conclusion, Inguinal Hernia does occur in females but it is more common in males.

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Does lifting heavy weights cause Inguinal Hernia?

When a part of the intestine or other abdominal tissues protrudes through the weakness near the groin area it is referred to as an inguinal hernia. The hernia breach is exactly at the right or left inguinal canal. Sometimes there is a hernia on both the side of the abdomen.

An inguinal hernia is the most common hernia of all the hernia types present. It is estimated that it is 70% of all the hernia types. In that 70%, almost all of an inguinal hernia happens in men. 

There is a common misconception among people that weight lifting and lifting heavy objects can cause Inguinal Hernia. A hernia is the presence of a hole in your abdominal walls. When you perform strenuous activities like lifting heavy objects, more pressure is applied to the abdominal wall and abdominal tissues tend to protrude out. Hence heavy lifting does not cause Hernia, but it can aggravate the situation. 

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What are the contents of Inguinal Hernia?

When a part of the intestine or other abdominal tissues protrudes through the weakness near the groin area it is referred to as an Inguinal hernia. The hernia breach is exactly at the right or left inguinal canal. Sometimes there is a hernia on both the side of the abdomen. An inguinal hernia is the most common hernia of all the hernia types present. It is estimated that it is 70% of all the hernia types occurs in men. The tissues that are trapped in the Inguinal canal are known as contents of Inguinal Hernia. 

Contents of Inguinal Hernia:

The different contents of Inguinal Hernia depend upon the part that descends into the inguinal sac. Most commonly in an Inguinal Hernia, it is the small intestine that descends into the hernia sac in the groin. Sometimes contents from the abdominal area can also descend into the hernial sac. The contents that descend from the abdominal area includes an appendix, Meckel's diverticulum, urinary bladder and even the large intestine (colon). 

Inguinal Hernia in women is not a common phenomenon. The contents of Inguinal hernia in women include ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the uterus. The only treatment for Inguinal hernia is a surgical correction. 

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Does Hernia reoccur?

An inguinal hernia is a condition where the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes into the inguinal canal which is present near the groin area. While smaller herniae do not require treatment larger ones are treated surgically. But can hernia's reoccur? Hernia's do not usually reoccur. Some of the symptoms of a recurrent hernia include infection, constipation, nausea, vomiting. 

Causes for a recurrent Hernia:

1. Infection from the first hernia surgery 
2. Chronic use of steroids
3. Smoking
4. Being too active too fast.
5. Obesity 

Surgical treatment is usually the option for recurrent hernia. 

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Why there are so many different types of Hernia meshes?

A Hernia is a condition where a defect is formed due to weakened tissues, through which organ tissues can slip and go out of place. The treatment for a hernia is mesh repair. Mesh repair treatment is used to treat almost all the different variants of a hernia. The success of a hernia repair depends upon the surgeon's experience, type of mesh and quality of the mesh. Different herniae require different meshes of different size and different specifications. Another factor to consider is graft-rejection. Graft-rejection occurs when the newly placed mesh tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system. The mesh once kept inside should not hinder the surrounding tissue or the function of the surrounding organs. To avoid all such complications different mesh types are used. A simple mesh is used mostly in young patients with good muscle tone. On the other hand, a complex or advanced mesh is used for old people who have undergone previous surgeries and have weak and flabby muscles.

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Does the Hernia mesh dissolve into the body?

A hernia is a condition where the abdominal tissue moves from its original residing position and into a different place. The four different types of hernia include Inguinal Hernia, Hiatus Hernia, Umbilical Hernia, and Incisional Hernia. Inguinal Hernia is the most common types of hernia. Treatment for hernia is suggested based on the severity of the condition. If the hernia is severe and the person experiences severe symptoms, surgery is the only option. If the person is asymptomatic then, a 'wait and watch' approach is taken.

Surgical Hernia treatment involves placing the displaced tissue back into its original position and placing a surgical mesh to provide support and re-enforce it.

Hernia meshes or surgical meshes are a sheet that is used as a support medium to support the weakened or damaged tissue. Surgical meshes are made from either synthetic materials or animal-derived tissues (bio-degradable). Synthetic meshes are available in absorbable and non-absorbable forms whereas animal-derived tissue meshes are made of animal skin or intestine tissue that is cleaned, disinfected and made ready for use.

The Synthetic non-absorbable mesh is a permanent implant that remains in the body forever without degrading. This mesh is used in almost all Hernia repair surgeries. Absorbable meshes, on the other hand, degrade over time and hence are not used for any long term reinforcement. 

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Can Hernias occur in children?

An inguinal hernia is a condition where the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes into the inguinal canal which is present near the groin area. A hernia occurs in adult males but also occurs in children too. Herniae has been reported in children even under the age of 4 too. Usually, no medical intervention is required, unless the child experiences having pain while moving, standing or walking.

Children usually walk in a hunched position to reduce the pressure in the groin. This posture is a clue that the child is suffering from a hernia.

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What is a Henia mesh and how do they work?

Inguinal Hernia occurs when a part of the intestine tissue protrudes through the weakened muscle or connective tissue. Most Hernia's require surgical correction while others do not. Most hernia's require a surgical mesh. Surgical mesh is a device that is used to hold and provide support to the weakened and damaged tissue.

Surgical meshes are made using synthetic or animal tissue. Synthetic surgical meshes are available in knitted and non knitted forms. Animal derived surgical meshes utilize animal tissue like intestine, skin and other tissues that are cleaned and dis infected for medical use. Surgical meshes are available in absorb-able and non absorb-able configurations. The non absorb-able mesh will not degrade over time and will provide permanent support to the tissue.The absorb-able mesh will degrade over time. As the mesh degrades, new tissue will grow and provide support. 

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Different types of Hernia

Different types of Hernia:

An Inguinal Hernia – This is the most common type of Hernia . It occurs mostly in Men. Just before birth, a male child’s testicles normally descend from the abdomen through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. Within 3-6 months, this inguinal canal closes naturally. However, for known and unknown reasons, this remains open or opens later in life causing Inguinal Hernia.

A Femoral Hernia – Femoral Hernia is more common in women. However, it can occur in men too very rarely. The lower groin area is weakened in this type of Hernia. This weakness can induce the intestine sac to protrude into the femoral canal. 

An Umbilical Hernia – This Hernia occurs near the bellybutton area. The naval or the umbilicus is the weakest spot in the abdominal wall. So naturally, it occurs in infants because of the umbilical cord. In adult women, a normal pregnancy can lead to umbilical Hernia. Generally, any obese individuals, are prone to Umbilical Hernia

An Epigastric Hernia – This Hernia due to a weak spot below the chest bone in the midline. This type of Hernia is more common in men than women and the factor that typically causes this Hernia is obesity or pregnancy.

A Hiatal Hernia – This Hernia is  caused due to the weakness of the diaphragm, a muscle layer that separates the chest cavity and abdominal cavity. Through this Hernia, the upper part of the stomach called fundus slides into the chest cavity bringing food and acid. This presents as an acid reflex. This acid reflex from Stomach to Esophagus can result in immense pain in the chest and not in the abdomen mimicking cardiac problems.

An Incisional Hernia – When Hernia appears in a site where surgery was done prior, it is termed as Incisional Hernia. This Hernia can happen in weeks or months or years after surgery. This is the most common abdominal wall Hernia in women generally after hysterectomy or cesarean. 

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What is Inguinal Hernia

When a part of the intestine or other abdominal tissues protrudes through the weakness near the groin area it is referred to as an inguinal hernia. The hernia breach is exactly at the right or left inguinal canal. Sometimes there is a hernia on both the side of the abdomen.

An inguinal hernia is the most common hernia of all the hernia types present. It is estimated that it is 70% of all the hernia types. In that 70%, almost all of an inguinal hernia happens in men. Dr Maran, the best Hernia Surgeon in Chennai talks about Inguinal Hernia Surgery in the video attached.

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